python部落冲突脚本(python爬虫教程)
各种数据需要导入Excel?多个Excel要合并?目前,Python处理Excel文件有很多库,openpyxl算是其中功能和性能做的比较好的一个。接下来我将为大家介绍各种Excel操作。
打开Excel文件
新建一个Excel文件
&>&>&> from openpyxl import Workbook
&>&>&> wb = Workbook
打开现有Excel文件
&>&>&> from openpyxl import load_workbook
&>&>&> wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')
打开大文件时,根据需求使用只读或只写模式减少内存消耗。
wb = load_workbook(filename='large_file.xlsx', read_only=True)
wb = Workbook(write_only=True)
获取、创建工作表
获取当前活动工作表:
&>&>&> ws = wb.active
创建新的工作表:
&>&>&> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # insert at the end (default)
# or
&>&>&> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) # insert at first position
# or
&>&>&> ws3 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", -1) # insert at the penultimate position
使用工作表名字获取工作表:
&>&>&> ws3 = wb&["New Title"]
获取所有的工作表名称:
&>&>&> print(wb.sheetnames)
&['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
使用for循环遍历所有的工作表:
&>&>&> for sheet in wb:
... print(sheet.title)
保存
保存到流中在网络中使用:
&>&>&> from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
&>&>&> from openpyxl import Workbook
&>&>&> wb = Workbook&>&>&> with NamedTemporaryFile as tmp:
wb.save(tmp.name)tmp.seek(0)
stream = tmp.read保存到文件:&>&>&> wb = Workbook&>&>&> wb.save('balances.xlsx')
保存为模板:&>&>&> wb = load_workbook('document.xlsx')
&>&>&> wb.template = True
&>&>&> wb.save('document_template.xltx')
单元格
单元格位置作为工作表的键直接读取:
&>&>&> c = ws&['A4']
为单元格赋值:
&>&>&> ws&['A4'] = 4
&>&>&> c.value = 'hello, world'
多个单元格可以使用切片访问单元格区域:
&>&>&> cell_range = ws&['A1':'C2']
使用数值格式:
&>&>&> # set date using a Python datetime
&>&>&> ws&['A1'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
&>&>&>&>&>&> ws&['A1'].number_format
'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'
使用公式:
&>&>&> # add a simple formula
&>&>&> ws&["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
合并单元格时,除左上角单元格外,所有单元格都将从工作表中删除:
&>&>&> ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')
&>&>&> ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2')
&>&>&>&>&>&> # or equivalently
&>&>&> ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
&>&>&> ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
行、列
可以单独指定行、列、或者行列的范围:
&>&>&> colC = ws&['C']
&>&>&> col_range = ws&['C:D']
&>&>&> row10 = ws&[10]
&>&>&> row_range = ws&[5:10]
可以使用Worksheet.iter_rows
方法遍历行:
&>&>&> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:... print(cell)&<Cell Sheet1.A1&>
&<Cell Sheet1.B1&>
&<Cell Sheet1.C1&>
&<Cell Sheet1.A2&>
&<Cell Sheet1.B2&>
&<Cell Sheet1.C2&>
同样的Worksheet.iter_cols
方法将遍历列:
&>&>&> for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in col:... print(cell)&<Cell Sheet1.A1&>
&<Cell Sheet1.A2&>
&<Cell Sheet1.B1&>
&<Cell Sheet1.B2&>
&<Cell Sheet1.C1&>
&<Cell Sheet1.C2&>
遍历文件的所有行或列,可以使用Worksheet.rows
属性:
&>&>&> ws = wb.active
&>&>&> ws&['C9'] = 'hello world'&>&>&> tuple(ws.rows)((&<Cell Sheet.A1&>, &<Cell Sheet.B1&>, &<Cell Sheet.C1&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.A2&>, &<Cell Sheet.B2&>, &<Cell Sheet.C2&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.A3&>, &<Cell Sheet.B3&>, &<Cell Sheet.C3&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.A4&>, &<Cell Sheet.B4&>, &<Cell Sheet.C4&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.A5&>, &<Cell Sheet.B5&>, &<Cell Sheet.C5&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.A6&>, &<Cell Sheet.B6&>, &<Cell Sheet.C6&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.A7&>, &<Cell Sheet.B7&>, &<Cell Sheet.C7&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.A8&>, &<Cell Sheet.B8&>, &<Cell Sheet.C8&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.A9&>, &<Cell Sheet.B9&>, &<Cell Sheet.C9&>))
或Worksheet.columns
属性:
&>&>&> tuple(ws.columns)
((&<Cell Sheet.A1&>,
&<Cell Sheet.A2&>,
&<Cell Sheet.A3&>,
&<Cell Sheet.A4&>,
&<Cell Sheet.A5&>,
&<Cell Sheet.A6&>,
...&<Cell Sheet.B7&>,
&<Cell Sheet.B8&>,
&<Cell Sheet.B9&>),
(&<Cell Sheet.C1&>,
&<Cell Sheet.C2&>,
&<Cell Sheet.C3&>,
&<Cell Sheet.C4&>,
&<Cell Sheet.C5&>,
&<Cell Sheet.C6&>,
&<Cell Sheet.C7&>,
&<Cell Sheet.C8&>,
&<Cell Sheet.C9&>))
使用Worksheet.append
或者迭代使用Worksheet.cell
新增一行数据:
&>&>&> for row in range(1, 40):
... ws1.append(range(600))
&>&>&> for row in range(10, 20):
... for col in range(27, 54):
... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
插入操作比较麻烦。可以使用Worksheet.insert_rows
插入一行或几行:
&>&>&> from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
&>&>&> ws.insert_rows(7)
&>&>&> row7 = ws&[7]
&>&>&> for col in range(27, 54):
... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=7, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
Worksheet.insert_cols
操作类似。Worksheet.delete_rows
和Worksheet.delete_cols
用来批量删除行和列。
只读取值
使用Worksheet.values
属性遍历工作表中的所有行,但只返回单元格值:
for row in ws.values:
for value in row:
print(value)
Worksheet.iter_rows
和Worksheet.iter_cols
可以设置values_only
参数来仅返回单元格的值:
&>&>&> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2, values_only=True):
... print(row)(None, None, None)
(None, None, None)
作者:Sinchard,主攻Python库文档翻译,开发代码片段,源码分析
Blog:zhihu.com/people/aiApple